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There are some industrial and commercial buildings that now exceed 60 stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to be able to help move the supplies to the upper floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle attached or other kinds which are operated from the rear of trucks. Tower cranes are the biggest ones offered on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures which are often found on high-rise building projects. Often, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. When new construction like skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being built, odds are a crane would be on site.
Types
There are two different types of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries items. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could vary from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of individual sections. So as to increase the overall height of the machine, parts are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The driver of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane utilizes a braided metal cord to be able to raise materials. This cord extends out from a motor situated near the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when heavy supplies are carried.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specific kind of mobile crane. These cranes use hydraulics and could lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are really important in constructing major projects such as bridges, airports, streets and buildings. A crane could accomplish in minutes tasks that would normally take hundreds of men and many hours to accomplish.
These remarkable machines have played a vital part in constructing houses, cities, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably built utilizing basic cranes to enable the heaviest materials in one of the most awesome construction projects of all time.
The first representation of a crane was showcased during King Ramses' reign in Egypt in 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These devices were used to create a whole nation throughout the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards began to require stronger and bigger equipments. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes during the year 1834, in Bolton, England. This equipment could lift up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together in order to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. Germany began to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was built within Neuburg.
